See kosma on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":af",
"3": "kosmo<t:cosmos>",
"4": "-a<t:adjective>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEsperanto kosmo\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto kosma\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"kosma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"kosma\">\nFrom kosmo (“cosmos”) + -a (“adjective”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEsperanto kosmo\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto kosma\nFrom kosmo (“cosmos”) + -a (“adjective”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosman",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kosma (accusative singular kosman, plural kosmaj, accusative plural kosmajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kos‧ma"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kos‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms suffixed with -a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Cosmic Battles",
"text": "Kosmaj Bataloj",
"translation": "Cosmic Battles",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cosmic"
],
"id": "en-kosma-eo-adj-ATB7Qef~",
"links": [
[
"cosmic",
"cosmic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkosma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-osma"
}
],
"word": "kosma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kosma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kosmъ",
"4": ":af<surf>",
"5": "kosa",
"6": "-ma",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *kosa\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-mas\nProto-Slavic *-mъ\nProto-Slavic *kosmъ\nOld Czech kosma\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kosa\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-mas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-mъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kosmъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"kosa\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"-ma\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"kosma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"kosma\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kosmъ. By surface analysis, kosa + -ma.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *kosa\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-mas\nProto-Slavic *-mъ\nProto-Slavic *kosmъ\nOld Czech kosma\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kosmъ. By surface analysis, kosa + -ma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kosma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kosem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "kosma f",
"name": "zlw-ocs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "zlw-ocs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries referencing pages with multiple etymons missing IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech terms suffixed with -ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kosmatý"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hairy"
],
"id": "en-kosma-zlw-ocs-noun--HboCBY2",
"links": [
[
"hairy",
"hairy"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkosma/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkosma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "kosma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kosmъ",
"4": "*kosma",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kosma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kosmъ",
"alt": "*kosma"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosma",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hsb-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kosma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "kosma f",
"name": "hsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ko",
"s",
"ma"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"kos",
"ma"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "hsb-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "hsb",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "hsb:Hair",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fur, hair"
],
"id": "en-kosma-hsb-noun-hB-8JE5i",
"links": [
[
"fur",
"fur"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔsma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsma"
}
],
"word": "kosma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":af",
"3": "kosmo<t:cosmos>",
"4": "-a<t:adjective>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEsperanto kosmo\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto kosma\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"kosma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"kosma\">\nFrom kosmo (“cosmos”) + -a (“adjective”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEsperanto kosmo\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto kosma\nFrom kosmo (“cosmos”) + -a (“adjective”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosman",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kosma (accusative singular kosman, plural kosmaj, accusative plural kosmajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kos‧ma"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kos‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 2-syllable words",
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto entries referencing missing etymons",
"Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"Esperanto entries with etymon",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms suffixed with -a",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with usage examples",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/osma",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/osma/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Cosmic Battles",
"text": "Kosmaj Bataloj",
"translation": "Cosmic Battles",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cosmic"
],
"links": [
[
"cosmic",
"cosmic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkosma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-osma"
}
],
"word": "kosma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kosmatý"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kosma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kosmъ",
"4": ":af<surf>",
"5": "kosa",
"6": "-ma",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *kosa\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-mas\nProto-Slavic *-mъ\nProto-Slavic *kosmъ\nOld Czech kosma\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kosa\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-mas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-mъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kosmъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"kosa\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"-ma\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Czech\", \"term\" : \"kosma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-ocs\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-ocs\" data-title=\"kosma\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kosmъ. By surface analysis, kosa + -ma.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *kosa\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-mas\nProto-Slavic *-mъ\nProto-Slavic *kosmъ\nOld Czech kosma\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kosmъ. By surface analysis, kosa + -ma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kosma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kosem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "kosma f",
"name": "zlw-ocs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "zlw-ocs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Old Czech entries referencing missing etymons",
"Old Czech entries referencing pages with multiple etymons missing IDs",
"Old Czech entries with etymology texts",
"Old Czech entries with etymology trees",
"Old Czech entries with etymon",
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech feminine nouns",
"Old Czech hard feminine a-stem nouns",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech nouns",
"Old Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms suffixed with -ma",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"hairy"
],
"links": [
[
"hairy",
"hairy"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkosma/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkosma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "kosma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kosmъ",
"4": "*kosma",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kosma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kosmъ",
"alt": "*kosma"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosma",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hsb-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kosma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "kosma f",
"name": "hsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ko",
"s",
"ma"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"kos",
"ma"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "hsb-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɔsma",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɔsma/2 syllables",
"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Upper Sorbian feminine hard stem nouns",
"Upper Sorbian feminine nouns",
"Upper Sorbian lemmas",
"Upper Sorbian nouns",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"hsb:Hair"
],
"glosses": [
"fur, hair"
],
"links": [
[
"fur",
"fur"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔsma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsma"
}
],
"word": "kosma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kosma meaning in All languages combined (13.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.